TY - JOUR

T1 - Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample

AU - Bago, Bence

AU - Kovacs, Marton

AU - Protzko, John

AU - Nagy, Tamas

AU - Kekecs, Zoltan

AU - Palfi, Bence

AU - Adamkovic, Matus

AU - Adamus, Sylwia

AU - Albalooshi, Sumaya

AU - Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan

AU - Alfian, Ilham N.

AU - Alper, Sinan

AU - Alvarez-Solas, Sara

AU - Alves, Sara G.

AU - Amaya, Santiago

AU - Andresen, Pia K.

AU - Anjum, Gulnaz

AU - Ansari, Daniel

AU - Arriaga, Patrícia

AU - Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R.

AU - Arvanitis, Alexios

AU - Babincak, Peter

AU - Barzykowski, Krystian

AU - Bashour, Bana

AU - Baskin, Ernest

AU - Batalha, Luisa

AU - Batres, Carlota

AU - Bavolar, Jozef

AU - Bayrak, Fatih

AU - Becker, Benjamin

AU - Becker, Maja

AU - Belaus, Anabel

AU - Białek, Michał

AU - Bilancini, Ennio

AU - Boller, Daniel

AU - Boncinelli, Leonardo

AU - Boudesseul, Jordane

AU - Brown, Benjamin T.

AU - Buchanan, Erin M.

AU - Butt, Muhammad M.

AU - Calvillo, Dustin P.

AU - Carnes, Nate C.

AU - Celniker, Jared B.

AU - Chartier, Christopher R.

AU - Chopik, William J.

AU - Chotikavan, Poom

AU - Chuan-Peng, Hu

AU - Clancy, Rockwell F.

AU - Çoker, Ogeday

AU - Correia, Rita C.

AU - Adoric, Vera Cubela

AU - Cubillas, Carmelo P.

AU - Czoschke, Stefan

AU - Daryani, Yalda

AU - de Grefte, Job A.M.

AU - de Vries, Wieteke C.

AU - Burak, Elif G.Demirag

AU - Dias, Carina

AU - Dixson, Barnaby J.W.

AU - Du, Xinkai

AU - Dumančić, Francesca

AU - Dumbravă, Andrei

AU - Dutra, Natalia B.

AU - Enachescu, Janina

AU - Esteban-Serna, Celia

AU - Eudave, Luis

AU - Evans, Thomas R.

AU - Feldman, Gilad

AU - Felisberti, Fatima M.

AU - Fiedler, Susann

AU - Findor, Andrej

AU - Fleischmann, Alexandra

AU - Foroni, Francesco

AU - Francová, Radka

AU - Frank, Darius Aurel

AU - Fu, Cynthia H.Y.

AU - Gao, Shan

AU - Ghasemi, Omid

AU - Ghazi-Noori, Ali Reza

AU - Ghossainy, Maliki E.

AU - Giammusso, Isabella

AU - Gill, Tripat

AU - Gjoneska, Biljana

AU - Gollwitzer, Mario

AU - Graton, Aurélien

AU - Grinberg, Maurice

AU - Groyecka-Bernard, Agata

AU - Harris, Elizabeth A.

AU - Hartanto, Andree

AU - Hassan, Widad A.N.M.

AU - Hatami, Javad

AU - Heimark, Katrina R.

AU - Hidding, Jasper J.J.

AU - Hristova, Evgeniya

AU - Hruška, Matej

AU - Hudson, Charlotte A.

AU - Huskey, Richard

AU - Ikeda, Ayumi

AU - Inbar, Yoel

AU - Ingram, Gordon P.D.

AU - Isler, Ozan

AU - Isloi, Chris

AU - Iyer, Aishwarya

AU - Jaeger, Bastian

AU - Janssen, Steve M.J.

AU - Jiménez-Leal, William

AU - Jokić, Biljana

AU - Kačmár, Pavol

AU - Kadreva, Veselina

AU - Kaminski, Gwenaël

AU - Karimi-Malekabadi, Farzan

AU - Kasper, Arno T.A.

AU - Kendrick, Keith M.

AU - Kennedy, Bradley J.

AU - Kocalar, Halil E.

AU - Kodapanakkal, Rabia I.

AU - Kowal, Marta

AU - Kruse, Elliott

AU - Kučerová, Lenka

AU - Kühberger, Anton

AU - Kuzminska, Anna O.

AU - Lalot, Fanny

AU - Lamm, Claus

AU - Lammers, Joris

AU - Lange, Elke B.

AU - Lantian, Anthony

AU - Lau, Ivy Y.M.

AU - Lazarevic, Ljiljana B.

AU - Leliveld, Marijke C.

AU - Lenz, Jennifer N.

AU - Levitan, Carmel A.

AU - Lewis, Savannah C.

AU - Li, Manyu

AU - Li, Yansong

AU - Li, Haozheng

AU - Lima, Tiago J.S.

AU - Lins, Samuel

AU - Liuzza, Marco Tullio

AU - Lopes, Paula

AU - Lu, Jackson G.

AU - Lynds, Trent

AU - Máčel, Martin

AU - Mackinnon, Sean P.

AU - Maganti, Madhavilatha

AU - Magraw-Mickelson, Zoe

AU - Magson, Leon F.

AU - Manley, Harry

AU - Marcu, Gabriela M.

AU - Seršić, Darja Masli

AU - Matibag, Celine Justine

AU - Mattiassi, Alan D.A.

AU - Mazidi, Mahdi

AU - McFall, Joseph P.

AU - McLatchie, Neil

AU - Mensink, Michael C.

AU - Miketta, Lena

AU - Milfont, Taciano L.

AU - Mirisola, Alberto

AU - Misiak, Michal

AU - Mitkidis, Panagiotis

AU - Moeini-Jazani, Mehrad

AU - Monajem, Arash

AU - Moreau, David

AU - Musser, Erica D.

AU - Narhetali, Erita

AU - Ochoa, Danielle P.

AU - Olsen, Jerome

AU - Owsley, Nicholas C.

AU - Özdoğru, Asil A.

AU - Panning, Miriam

AU - Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta

AU - Parashar, Neha

AU - Pärnamets, Philip

AU - Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola

AU - Parzuchowski, Michal

AU - Paterlini, Julia V.

AU - Pavlacic, Jeffrey M.

AU - Peker, Mehmet

AU - Peters, Kim

AU - Piatnitckaia, Liudmila

AU - Pinto, Isabel

AU - Policarpio, Monica Renee

AU - Pop-Jordanova, Nada

AU - Pratama, Annas J.

AU - Primbs, Maximilian A.

AU - Pronizius, Ekaterina

AU - Purić, Danka

AU - Puvia, Elisa

AU - Qamari, Vahid

AU - Qian, Kun

AU - Quiamzade, Alain

AU - Ráczová, Beáta

AU - Reinero, Diego A.

AU - Reips, Ulf Dietrich

AU - Reyna, Cecilia

AU - Reynolds, Kimberly

AU - Ribeiro, Matheus F.F.

AU - Röer, Jan P.

AU - Ross, Robert M.

AU - Roussos, Petros

AU - Ruiz-Dodobara, Fernando

AU - Ruiz-Fernandez, Susana

AU - Rutjens, Bastiaan T.

AU - Rybus, Katarzyna

AU - Samekin, Adil

AU - Santos, Anabela C.

AU - Say, Nicolas

AU - Schild, Christoph

AU - Schmidt, Kathleen

AU - Ścigała, Karolina A.

AU - Sharifian, Mohammad Hasan

AU - Shi, Jiaxin

AU - Shi, Yaoxi

AU - Sievers, Erin

AU - Sirota, Miroslav

AU - Slipenkyj, Michael

AU - Solak, Çağlar

AU - Sorokowska, Agnieszka

AU - Sorokowski, Piotr

AU - Söylemez, Sinem

AU - Steffens, Niklas K.

AU - Stephen, Ian D.

AU - Sternisko, Anni

AU - Stevens-Wilson, Laura

AU - Stewart, Suzanne L.K.

AU - Stieger, Stefan

AU - Storage, Daniel

AU - Strube, Justine

AU - Susa, Kyle J.

AU - Szekely-Copîndean, Raluca D.

AU - Szostak, Natalia M.

AU - Takwin, Bagus

AU - Tatachari, Srinivasan

AU - Thomas, Andrew G.

AU - Tiede, Kevin E.

AU - Tiong, Lucas E.

AU - Tonković, Mirjana

AU - Trémolière, Bastien

AU - Tunstead, Lauren V.

AU - Türkan, Belgüzar N.

AU - Twardawski, Mathias

AU - Vadillo, Miguel A.

AU - Vally, Zahir

AU - Vaughn, Leigh Ann

AU - Verschuere, Bruno

AU - Vlašiček, Denis

AU - Voracek, Martin

AU - Vranka, Marek A.

AU - Wang, Shuzhen

AU - West, Skye Loren

AU - Whyte, Stephen

AU - Wilton, Leigh S.

AU - Wlodarczyk, Anna

AU - Wu, Xue

AU - Xin, Fei

AU - Yadanar, Su

AU - Yama, Hiroshi

AU - Yamada, Yuki

AU - Yilmaz, Onurcan

AU - Yoon, Sangsuk

AU - Young, Danielle M.

AU - Zakharov, Ilya

AU - Zein, Rizqy A.

AU - Zettler, Ingo

AU - Žeželj, Iris L.

AU - Zhang, Don C.

AU - Zhang, Jin

AU - Zheng, Xiaoxiao

AU - Hoekstra, Rink

AU - Aczel, Balazs

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements.

AB - The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements.

U2 - 10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5

DO - 10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 35422529

AN - SCOPUS:85128090286

VL - 6

SP - 880

EP - 895

JO - Nature Human Behaviour

JF - Nature Human Behaviour

SN - 2397-3374

IS - 6

ER -